1 byte of subcode bits, which are 8 bits labeled P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W (sometimes P-W).(Note: not the same as the physical-level 8-to-14 (EFM) error correction).Nor is this data communicated out of the drive on reading ( verify) Writing this is done by the drive you get no control ( verify).8 bytes of error detection/correction (CIRC: Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon coding).24 bytes of user data, which is the part you can use directly.Reading chunks of CD - on sectors and framesĬDs use 3234-byte physical sectors, made of 98 frames, each 33 bytes large.Įach of the each of the physical frames contains:

People rarely have to deal with the lowest level.įor example, there are multiple distinct layers of error checking and possibly correction.īut are basically settled within each type, Sectors, subcode channels, raw access This article/section is a stub - probably a pile of half-sorted notes, is not well-checked so may have incorrect bits. Logos are required for certain disc types, so you can generally recognize CD-DA ('Compact Disc Digital Audio'), CD+G ('CD Graphics'), VideoCD ('Compact Disc Digital Video'), and such. White Book: VideoCD (VCD) (Note that SVCD is close to this).CD Plus, E-CD, Enhanced Music CD), which is a standardized two-session audio + data CD. Orange Book: recordable CDs: CD-R, CD-RW, some less-used others like CD-WO, CD-MO, ( verify).Red Book: audio CDs, also CD-Text, CD+G,.Standards: The Rainbow Books refer a group of standards detailing basic media formatting, and also audio/visual disc formats. There are also shaped CDs, such as the business card CD, roughly business card dimensions and shape, often a CD-usable size near 60mm

5.6 BlindWrite (bwt, bwi, bws, bwa, b5t, b5i, b6t, b6i).5.1 ISO (and relatively direct relations), UDF.1.2 Burning modes: Disk/Session/Track-At-Once (DAO, SAO, TAO).

1.1 Sectors, subcode channels, raw access.

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